A delivery system is an engineered nanotechnology that allows the release of a therapeutic agent WHERE, HOW and WHEN it should be.
DRUG DESIGN
During the earliest phases of drug development, it is key to develop a thorough understanding of the movement of the compound of interest through the ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) as well as toxicity and efficacy profiling of the compound. This will help to reduce the possibilities of unexpected results in later phases of the development and failure to pass regulatory requirements.
The use of a drug delivery system can effectively benefit the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of said agent.
DELIVERY PROCESS AND MECHANISM
Load and protect
A nanosystem is a stable and tunable nanoscale structure. In nanopharmaceutics, they are used as a vehicle to transport compounds along the body in a more efficient way. The compound of interest can be either encapsulated within, like in liposomes, synthetic exosomes and polymeric nanoparticles or attached to its surface like in metallic nanoparticles and polymeric nanoparticles. This enhances the solubility of the drug and protects it from damaging external agents like oxygen. All the characteristics required need to be tested to ensure the future behaviour of the nanocapsule.
Deliver to the right place
Now that the compound is loaded in a nanocarrier, once administered its behaviour will be the nanosystem’s, allowing the developer to control better the substance pharmacokinetics. Time of circulation can be modified, and non-specific interactions avoided thanks to a proper coating. This also makes possible other administration routes thanks to an increase in solubility and protection against gastrointestinal conditions. Reaching difficult targets will be easier, allowing to overcome the blood brain barrier to treat or diagnose central nervous system diseases. Additionally, using a specific strategy the nanocarrier can be tracked with non-invasive imaging techniques to get to know its ADME profile or to detect disease biomarkers as a diagnosis method. Finally, and most importantly, the nanovehicle will accumulate in the active site reducing toxicity problems
Release in a controlled manner
Finally, the nanocarrier has arrived at its destination, where it should release the pharmaceutical substance that it has been protecting all the way there. This destination could be defined as the bloodstream, a specific tissue, or even the cytoplasm or an organelle in a targeted cell type. Several strategies can be used to control this precisely the release settings required. The pace of release, the entryway desired, the release in response to a physico-chemical stimulus are just some methods that can be used.
APPLICATIONS
Molecular therapy
Wound healing
Cancer therapy
Ocular drug delivery
Brain drug delivery
Stem cell tracking
Bio-sensing
Photothermal therapy
Immunomodulating response
Tissue engineering
Vaccines
Oral insulin administration
WHAT CAN BE ACHIEVED
The oral bioavailability of the
liposomed drug at least doubles
in in vivo studies compared to its
free form*
The concentration of liposomed
drug in the targeted area almost
triples in in vivo studies compared
to its free form*
Up to 5 h of delay in the
maximum concentration peak
time for sustained release
delivery systems*
* References
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